Though it is well known that dilated tortuous azygos and hemiazygos veins can be evident as masses on the right side of the vertebral column on plain films of the chest, two examples presented here ...

Anatomy The azygos vein arises as a continuation of the right ascending lumbar vein at the level of the first lumbar intervertebral space. It pierces the diaphragm to the right of the aorta and ...

Background: It has been proposed by Zamboni and colleagues that multiple sclerosis is caused by chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, a term used to describe ultrasound-detectable abnormalities ...