We review the cranial morphology of the Late Carboniferous terrestrial tetrapod Gephyrostegus bohemicus from the coal deposits of the Nýřany Basin in the Czech Republic. Gephyrostegus is known from ...

The Parareptilia, the sister group to the Eureptilia, is poorly known, with many taxa in need of adequate description. One such taxon, Macroleter poezicus is found in Middle Permian strata of the ...

Anthropologists confirm a direct link between upright two-legged (bipedal) walking and the position of the foramen magnum, a hole in the base of the skull that transmits the spinal cord. Anthropology ...

The cranial anatomy of an extinct fish reveals an intermediate stage in the evolution of feeding systems in vertebrates, a study finds. During the transition from water to land, vertebrates shifted ...

While instructing medical students in anatomy, the great Renaissance physician Andreus Vesalius was in the habit of sketching muscles and nerves on the dissecting table. Like his forebears, he ...

A complex system of nerves and muscles enables the human eye to blink, gaze, and shift focus. The trochlear nerve is one of six cranial nerves that carry electrical impulses from the brain to the eye.

A team of scientists led by the China University of Geosciences has unveiled a groundbreaking discovery from the Middle Jurassic period. The researchers have described a new species of sauropod, ...