This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

Identify the independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables in a scientific investigation. Draw conclusions about the relationship between two variables using quantitative data.

Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterising the vibrations of molecular bonds and is therefore ideal for label-free detection of chemical species. Recent research into ...

In-line buffer management markedly reduced the production bottlenecks and manufacturing costs inherent in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Additional cost reductions are possible, however, by ...

A pH measurement is only as accurate as the buffer solutions used for its calibration. Across pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring, food production and chemical research, precise pH data is vital ...