The average textbook definition of modulation reads: modulation is a process in which the frequency, phase or amplitude of a carrier wave varies in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating ...

The author is president of Omnia Audio in Cleveland. The FM stereo transmission system employed in worldwide broadcasting has been in place since 1961. The rules governing stereophonic performance ...

Compared to the simple diode needed to demodulate AM radio signals, the detector circuits used for FM are slightly more complicated. Wrapping your head around phase detectors, ratio detectors, ...

The master timing control circuit for most electronic applications is a precision signal source. For digital applications, it’s an accurate clock. In RF applications, it’s a carrier source for a ...

Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

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March 13, 2013. Tektronix Inc. today announced a new software option for its OM4000 optical modulation analyzer series that offers automated test support for 400G multicarrier coherent optical ...

FM broadcasting (frequency modulation) has been used for decades as a means of entertainment as well as a news-gathering tool. Its use is on the decline, however, as modern technology has made it ...

Modern internet of things (IoTs) and ubiquitous sensor networks could potentially take advantage of chemically sensitive nanomaterials and nanostructures. However, their heterogeneous integration with ...

(1) An earlier magnetic disk encoding method that places clock bits onto the medium along with the data bits. It was superseded by MFM and RLL. FM radio was invented in the early 1930s by Edwin Howard ...