This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they ...

Patent foramen ovale and atrial septal aneurysm have been identified as potential risk factors for stroke, but information about their effect on the risk of recurrent stroke is limited. We studied the ...

† New-onset migraine was noted in ten patients. ASD: Atrial septal defect; NA: Not assessed; NR: Not reported; PFO: Patent foramen ovale. The following arguments support the hypothesis that ...

A foramen ovale is a hole in the heart. The small hole naturally exists in babies who are still in the womb for fetal circulation. It should close soon after birth. If it doesn’t close, the condition ...

Patients with migraine, patent foramen ovale (PFO), and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) have more frequent ischemic brain lesions, migraine with aura, and larger PFO sizes than patients with migraines ...

A patent foramen ovale is an opening that some adults have between the top two chambers of their hearts. Everyone has this opening early in life, but it often seals during infancy. In some people, ...

The foramen magnum, a large opening at the base of the skull, is critical in neurosciences, forensic anthropology and bioarchaeological research. Recent investigations into its morphometry have ...