Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . It would be great if the 40 minutes spent meticulously removing previously placed posterior rods and screws in ...

Transforaminal endoscopic disc removal in the L5-S1 motion segment of the lumbar spine creates a technical challenge due to anatomical reasons and individual variability. The majority of surgeons ...

Ehsan Jazini, MD, performed the first two-level lumbar disc replacement combining the TOPS spine system. He performed the milestone case at Reston (Va.) Hospital at L4-L5 and L5-S1, according to a Nov ...

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), also referred to as a herniated disc, is a common spine pathology that occurs approximately 95% of the time at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 level (Fisher et al., 2004; Asch et ...

Facet joints, or zygapophyseal joints, are true synovial joints in the spine that have been identified as potential pain generators. Medial branch blocks involve the injection of a local anesthetic ...