Networks are an important tool for modelling systems with many interacting parts such as epidemics spreading within a population or neuronal activity in the brain. Indeed, the intricate interplay of ...

Observation protocol scores are commonly used as status measures to support inferences about teacher practices. When multiple observations are collected for the same teacher over the course of a year, ...

Networks are a simple yet powerful model for the intricate structure of complex systems, in which interactions between any pair of the system’s constituting elements can be directly interpreted as ...

Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free PDF. The scientific basis for rethinking the foundations of assessment comes from two ...

In this chapter, we review and comment on several approaches for drawing inferences from incomplete data. A substantial literature on this topic has developed over the last 30 years, and the range of ...

Qualitative close qualitativeResults that are not expressed as numbers or numerical data, eg they can be expressed as present or absent, or as colours. analysis can identify the different substances ...