Membrane receptors regulate numerous intracellular functions. However, the molecular underpinnings remain poorly understood because most receptors initiate multiple signaling pathways through distinct ...

Chemerin is a key adipokine that regulates lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and thus is involved in many metabolic ...

Pharmacogenomics. 2014;15(11):1507-1518. Taken together, these studies have firmly established RAF, PI3K and RAL signaling as key downstream effectors of KRAS that promote lung tumorigenesis. While ...

A number of membrane proteins that are present on the cell membrane control external and internal material transportation, cell protection and signal transmission. The diversity of functions of ...

Many G protein-coupled receptor-mediated responses desensitize within minutes. Sustained stimulation of µ-opioid receptors (MORs), which primarily signal through Gi/o proteins, leads to activation and ...

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) regulate many critical biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and survival through the recruitment of intracellular signaling molecules. The ...

The crystal structure of the complex reveals an extensive interface between Pwl2 and OsHIPP43 (figure. 1). By modifying a plant intracellular immune receptor (NLR), researchers have developed a ...

Research teams explore the activation of plant immune receptors by pathogens. In a recent study, Alexander von Humboldt Professor Jijie Chai at the University of Cologne and his team together with ...

From studies conducted on animals, evidence has emerged that both neutralizing activity and Fc-mediated effector functions of neutralizing antibodies provide some levels of protection against the ...