Although renal sinus vein invasion is the most common site of extrarenal involvement in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CC), CC also spreads by lymphatics. As cortical lymphatics drain into the sinus ...

Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses is a distinct cerebrovascular disorder that, unlike arterial stroke, most often affects young adults and children. The symptoms and clinical course are ...

The 2002 TNM formulation defines a pT3b tumor as one that ‘extends into the renal vein or its segmental (muscle containing) branches.’ This definition elicits uncertainty when veins with little muscle ...

June 7, 2012 (Lisbon, Portugal) — Internal jugular vein (IJV) abnormalities are a newly identified risk factor for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), a new study shows. In addition, color ...

Dural sinus thrombosis refers to clots in large, dural venous conduits, and cortical vein thrombosis refers to occlusion of veins on the surface of the cortex. Cerebral venous thrombosis encompasses ...

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis has led to the administration of the AstraZeneca vaccine being halted in many countries. But what exactly are these thromboses? And was the decision to halt the ...

Most physicians are generally familiar with the normal SVC and its tributaries. Blood from the head and neck travels via the external and internal jugular veins, which join the subclavian veins to ...

A large aneurysmal dilatation of the vein of Markowski and vein of Galen was noted on the cranial MRI. It was seen left of the midline, with marked mass effect, multiple fistulae and enlargement of ...

A 72 year-old man sustained a gunshot wound to the face while hunting. On examination, the left eye was proptotic with engorged veins around the eye. A loud bruit was heard over the left eye. Carotid ...