Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a normal fetal communication between the right and left atria that persists after birth. PFO is a common finding that occurs in 20–34% of the population, although its ...

The mental foramen is a crucial anatomical landmark on the mandible, providing an exit for neurovascular bundles that are vital to the sensory function of the lower lip and chin. Recent advancements ...

Anthropologists confirm a direct link between upright two-legged (bipedal) walking and the position of the foramen magnum, a hole in the base of the skull that transmits the spinal cord. Anthropology ...

The evolution of bipedalism in fossil humans can be detected using a key feature of the skull -- a claim that was previously contested but now has been further validated by researchers. The evolution ...

The 2.8 million-year-old Australopithecus africanus "Taung child" skull was discovered in South Africa in 1925. Source: Wikimedia/Creative Commons New research further validates that bipedalism ...

Bones are a critical part of vertebrate anatomy because they provide structure and serve as an anchor for musculature. Certain bones of the skeletal system can be used to determine aspects of an ...