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  1. El Niño - Education

    Jun 5, 2025 · El Niño is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Trade winds and atmosphere are also impacted by El Niño.

  2. La Niña - Education

    Dec 9, 2024 · La Niña is considered to be the counterpart to El Niño, which is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the equatorial region of the Pacific Ocean. Together, …

  3. What You Need to Know about El Niño - National Geographic …

    Oct 26, 2015 · El Niño isn’t a storm that will hit a specific area at a specific time. Instead, the warmer tropical Pacific waters cause slow-moving, long-lasting changes to global atmospheric …

  4. Upwelling - National Geographic Society

    During El Niño, a weather phenomenon that typically occurs every three to seven years, the Pacific Ocean’s climate changes dramatically. The transition zone between warm surface …

  5. Weather - National Geographic Society

    El Niño Biology, Ecology, Earth Science, Meteorology, Oceanography, Geography, Physical Geography El Niño is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters …

  6. Ocean Currents - Education

    Ocean currents are the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater driven by gravity, wind (Coriolis Effect), and water density. Ocean water moves in two directions: …

  7. Understanding Droughts - Education

    Nov 13, 2024 · El Niño is a weather event where the surface water in the Pacific Ocean along the central South American coast rises in temperature. These warmer waters alter storm patterns …

  8. Earth's Changing Climate - National Geographic Society

    Dec 9, 2024 · The climate change brought by El Niño, which relies on winds and ocean currents, is an example of natural atmospheric changes. Natural climate change can also be affected by …

  9. Climatology - Education | National Geographic Society

    The oscillation between the warm El Niño and the cold La Niña phases affect climates around the world. These ocean current patterns result in changes in the normal difference between …

  10. Geography

    Dec 4, 2025 · Climatologists study Earth’s climate system and its impact on Earth’s surface. For example, climatologists make predictions about El Niño, a cyclical weather phenomenon of …